—–. 1989. The Syntax and you may Semantics from Verb Morphology inside Modern Aramaic: Good Jewish Dialect of Iraqi Kurdistan. American Chinese language Collection, 69. This new Sanctuary: Western Oriental Area.
Meehan, Charles, and Jacqueline Alon. 1979. Brand new Kid Whose Tunic Stuck to Your: A Folktale about Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect of Zakho (Iraqi Kurdistan). Israel Oriental Studies 9:174-203.
Sabar, Yona. 1976. Lel-Huza: Facts and Records inside a pattern regarding Lamentations toward Ninth away from Ab in the Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Zakho. JSS -62.
—–. 1988. The ebook away from Exodus for the Neo-Aramaic on the Dialect of one’s Jewish Society of Zakho [Hebrew]. Jerusalem: Magnes Drive.
Such half a dozen binyanim out-of Syriac had been lower in NENA to help you two very first classes, that have a third directly allied to the next
Thomason, Sarah Grey, and you will Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Vocabulary Get in touch with, Creolization, and you will Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley and you may Los angeles: Univ. out of Ca Drive.
The first classification descends from new peal, the second category in the pael, and the third, whoever vocalism employs compared to next, is derived from the afel
Various other foundation complicating the problem ‘s the differential affects of one’s individuals co-territorial dialects. The brand new dialect differences within Kurdish are considerable, and also to its feeling is going to be traced a few of the type certainly NENA dialects. Instance, this new Jewish Neo-Aramaic out-of Halabja, such as the Kurdish of your own town, does not distinguish something special and you may future tense, however, where Kurdish maintains such as for example a big difference, therefore do Neo-Aramaic. When you look at the Azerbaijan, Turkish enjoys exerted good effect on the latest Jewish dialect (Garbell 1965b), therefore the dialects of the simple off Mosul tell you an effective determine out of Arabic maybe not seen in other places.
Tkhuma (Tx): The words out-of descendants of emigrants from of the partial-independent ashirets out-of the southern area of Turkey, today citizen over the Khabur Valley from inside the Syria. Data is out-of Jacobi (1973) and my cards.
(5) Syriac had around three very first verbal stems, the peal, this new pael, additionally the afel. These types of had been extra about three inactive stems, formed in the earliest ones of the prefixation of elizabeth[Theta]-: new elizabeth[Theta]pael, the latest e[Theta]paal, while the ettafal. This example can be obtained throughout NENA. In the most common NENA languages, verbs commonly remain in the fresh verb classes in which they were included in earlier stages of the code. Which is, the fresh new descendant regarding an excellent Syriac peal verb could well be a NENA Class I verb, and you may a great Syriac pael verb might be a NENA Class II verb: like, Urmi ptaxa ‘open’ off prior to peal, and you can sadure ‘send’ regarding earlier pael. Yet not, from inside the Jewish Azerbaijani, Halabja, and perhaps Koy Sanjaq, the category membership might have been reorganized which is foreseeable towards the base of shape of the latest base unlike the historic resource. Such as for example, into the Azerbaijani the newest C base gets the form CaCoC- to have sound verbs, whichever the supply, and livelinks CCaC- to possess center-poor verbs: garosen ‘I in the morning pulling’, however, kwasan ‘I (f.) am descending’ (Garbell 1965, 64).
(11) Various other most significant creativity into the NENA is the 3rd individual copula with l: ile ‘he is’, ila ‘she is’. This form will get obtain (Noldeke 1868, 203) regarding we[Theta] leh ‘he has’, but zero copula enjoy it is located external NENA. The initial and you may 2nd individual do not have an enthusiastic l, except during the Jewish Azerbaijani, where the l might have been generalized through the paradigm: Jilu iwIt ‘you (masc.) are’, Aradhin we:profit ‘I (masc.) am’, Azerbai big’ (Garbell 1965, 64). ile can be found during the NENA except inside Halabja, which has -(y)e: yarxa rahamim-ye ‘it ‘s the day of mercy’. None Turoyo neither Mandaic has forms parallel so you can ile: Turoyo harke-yo ‘he are here’, harke-no ‘I was here’; Mandaic basim-ye ‘he try charming’, basim-na ‘I was charming’ (Macuch 1965, 443).
(19) The outdated Aramaic term to own ‘son’, bra in the BT, could have been offered in all NENA but Hertevin by the addition of your diminutive suffix -ona/-una: Azerbaijan Jewish brona (Garbell 1965, 297), Jilu bruna (Fox 1992, 51), Aradhin bru:na (Krotkoff 1982, 122), Tisqopa brona (Rubba, individual interaction), Zakho brona (Meehan and you may Alon 1979, 177). However, one another Turoyo and you will Mandaic enjoys an enthusiastic epenthetic vowel, however, no suffix: Turoyo ?abro (Jastrow 1985, 221), and you may Mandaic eber or ebra (Macuch 1965, 520).
b) In many cases, Hertevin aligns with Turoyo, contrary to the remainder of NENA. It does not have an effective CCaCa expose demanding (6), does not have any sodir preterite (12), does not have any preposition ta (15), and spends ruh in order to create reflexive pronouns (14).
—–. 1965. The brand new Jewish Neo-Aramaic Dialect regarding Persian Azerbaijan: Linguistic Study and Folkloristic Texts. Janua Linguarum, collection practica step 3. This new Hague: Mouton.